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Motherboard Parts And Functions Pdf
AT(Advanced Technology):
o AT is introduced by IBM in 1984.
o Two sets of 6-pin inline connectors:
o CPU is positioned in line with one or more ISA between slots.
o I/O ports (LPT, PS2, USB) are spread out on the board.
Baby AT:
o 1987, size 12” to 8.5”
o The smaller version of the original AT motherboard.
o The I/O ports were cabled to connectors on the back of the
case.
o Socket 7 was used.
ATX (Advanced Technology Extended):
o It is Introduced in the year 1995, size 12”wideX13.8” deep.
o Ex: Intel 850GB ATX
o All I/O is connected to a single I/O panel located rear of the motherboard.
o It has a 20,24 pin power connector.
o CPU is connected away from all expansion bus slots.
o ATX uses (socket 7, 360, 432, slot 1, slot 2, slot A) CPU.
Micro ATX:
o It is Slim & small in structure.
o Dimension is 9.6 by 9.6 inches or 7 by 7 inches.
o It is used in digital cable boxes&HD recorders.
Extended ATX:
o It is Used in Work station-level motherboard specification.
o It has 12 by 13 inches.
NLX(New Low profile Extended):
o It is introduced in 1997, 9” wide X 13.6 deep.
o All expansion slots, power cables & PCI are located on edge mounted riser card.
o This allows easy removal of the motherboard.
o AT & ATX is time-consuming to upgrade & replace.
o To overcome the replaceable motherboard.
BTX( Balanced Technology Extended):
o North Bridge & south bridge are located near each other and the hardware they control lines CPU, RAM, and expansion ports. CHIPSET TYPES
Northbridge:
o One chip responsible to interface CPU, main memory, and AGP.
o The path between CPU & RAM is referred to as FSB.
o North Bridge play important role in overclocking.
o It supports:
o P II, p III, Athlon, Duran, Celeron.
o Multiprocessing.
o Processor speed 250 MHZ, 800 MHZ, and 1.5 GHZ.
Southbridge:
It handles peripherals controller & I/O controller & Integrate controller.
1. It supports:
2. ISA bus, serial ports (Rs232).
3. Parallel (IEEE 1284 port).
4. Hard drive controller.
5. Power management features.
6. Keyboard controller
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