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Modern History Spectrum Pdf in English
The decline of the Portuguese
By the 18th century, the Portuguese in India lost their commercial influence, though some of them still carried on trade in their individual capacity and many took to piracy and robbery.
In fact, Hooghly was used by some Portuguese as a base for piracy in the Bay of Bengal. The decline of the Portuguese was brought about by several factors.
The local advantages gained by the Portuguese in India were reduced with the emergence of powerful dynasties in Egypt, Persia, and North India and the rise of the turbulent Marathas as their
immediate neighbors. (The Marathas captured Salsette and Bassein in 1739 from the Portuguese.)
The religious policies of the Portuguese, such as the activities of the Jesuits, gave rise to political fears. Their antagonism with the Muslims apart, the Portuguese policy of conversion to Christianity made Hindus also resentful.
Their dishonest trade practices also evoked a strong reaction. The Portuguese earned notoriety as sea pirates. Their arrogance and violence brought them the animosity of the rulers of small states and the imperial Mughals as well.
The discovery of Brazil diverted colonizing activities of Portugal to the West. The union of the two kingdoms of Spain and Portugal in 1580-81, dragged the smaller kingdom into Spain’s wars with England and Holland, badly affecting the Portuguese monopoly of trade in India…..
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